# Saturation mail: EDDM, Marriage Mail and walk sequence

Businesses reach most or all of the addresses on a carrier route with saturation mail, sorted in walk sequence, the order the carrier delivers.[^1][^2] Every Door Direct Mail sends it addressed to `Postal Customer`, and Marriage Mail combines several advertisers in one piece.[^3][^4] Walk-sequence address lists come from Computerized Delivery Sequence, for mailers whose own lists qualify through Electronic Address Sequencing.[^5][^6]

Updated November 4, 2026. 64 sources.

## Questions

### How does USPS Every Door Direct Mail work?

With [EDDM](https://postalref.com/products/every-door-direct-mail.md), a business picks neighborhoods in the EDDM Online Tool, addresses each piece to `Postal Customer`, and carriers deliver one to every address there.[^7][^8][^9] EDDM Retail takes at least 200 and up to 5,000 pieces per day per ZIP Code, with a USPS.com account and no mailing permit.[^10][^11] EDDM BMEU takes more, paid with a bulk mail permit at a Business Mail Entry Unit.[^10][^7][^12]

### What are the USPS Every Door Direct Mail size requirements?

An EDDM Retail piece is a flat of 3.3 ounces or less, longer than 10-1/2 inches, higher than 6-1/8 inches or thicker than 1/4 inch.[^11][^13] Like every [flat](https://postalref.com/guides/mailpiece-design.md), it is no more than 15 inches long, 12 inches high or 3/4 inch thick.[^14] An EDDM BMEU piece must meet the USPS Marketing Mail flats size requirements, which the Mailpiece Size Checker in the EDDM Online Tool checks.[^8]

### Can EDDM be in an envelope?

Yes, if the envelope is flat-size: EDDM BMEU takes flats, and flat-size mail may be unwrapped, sleeved, wrapped or enveloped.[^9][^15] The piece still has to meet the USPS Marketing Mail flats size requirements.[^8]

### How much does USPS Every Door Direct Mail cost?

As of October 4, 2026, an EDDM Retail flat of up to 3.3 ounces costs $0.260 a piece.[^16] An [EDDM BMEU](https://postalref.com/products/every-door-direct-mail.md#prices) flat up to 4 ounces costs $0.309, or $0.259 entered at the delivery unit whose carriers serve its routes.[^16][^17] Qualifying marriage mailpieces sent by EDDM, though not by EDDM Retail, can claim the [Marriage Mail Incentive](https://postalref.com/products/marriage-mail.md#marriage-mail-price-incentive), a 20% discount as of July 12, 2026.[^18][^4]

### Can you do EDDM yourself?

Yes: in the free EDDM Online Tool, a business picks its routes, calculates the postage and prepares the postage statement itself.[^9] With [EDDM Retail](https://postalref.com/products/every-door-direct-mail.md#retail), it prints the EDDM Retail indicia, a postage payment mark, above and to the right of each address block.[^11] It takes the bundles, with a completed PS Form 3587, to the Post Office for the chosen ZIP Code.[^11]

### What is USPS Marriage Mail?

[Marriage Mail](https://postalref.com/products/marriage-mail.md) is direct mail in which marketing service companies combine advertisements from several companies into one mailpiece, cutting each advertiser's cost.[^4] Qualifying marriage mailpieces get a discounted price, the Marriage Mail Incentive.[^4] [Plus One](https://postalref.com/products/marriage-mail.md#plus-one-product) adds an advertising card to a host Marriage Mail saturation letter or flat.[^19]

### Can I purchase an address list from the Postal Service?

No: USPS is barred from providing name or address lists, so a mailer creates its own list or buys one from an address list vendor.[^20][^21] A list holding at least 90 percent of a ZIP Code's possible deliveries can qualify for [Computerized Delivery Sequence](https://postalref.com/products/cds.md), which returns it in walk sequence.[^20][^6]

### How much does the EAS service cost?

[Electronic Address Sequencing](https://postalref.com/products/eas.md#fees) costs $0.70 per correction under the Mail Classification Schedule: each undeliverable address removed from a list, and each missing or new address added to it.[^22] USPS's EAS FAQ puts it as the EAS rate per record, for each address removed from the list and each one added.[^5]

### Will I have to pay for EAS if the ZIP Code does not qualify for CDS?

Yes: customers pay for the [Electronic Address Sequencing](https://postalref.com/products/eas.md#fees) service provided, and payment is due 30 days from the invoice date whatever the results.[^5][^23] A ZIP Code that did not prequalify costs nothing, and one that failed at the address level pays only to remove nonexistent addresses.[^24]

## How it fits together

Saturation mail is built on the carrier route, the addresses one carrier delivers to.[^25] Mail sorted in walk sequence, the order the carrier delivers, gets a price generally lower than nonsequenced mail.[^2][^26] The saturation price needs pieces for most of a route's active addresses, and the high density price at least 125 pieces per route.[^1][^27] Both are offered in [USPS Marketing Mail](https://postalref.com/guides/mail-classes.md), the class once called Standard Mail.[^28][^29]

Saturation mail can go out without an address list, since it may use simplified addressing.[^30] [Every Door Direct Mail](https://postalref.com/products/every-door-direct-mail.md) uses a simplified address such as `Postal Customer` and reaches every household or business on a delivery route.[^3] [Marriage Mail](https://postalref.com/products/marriage-mail.md) shares one piece among several advertisers, and USPS gives qualifying pieces the Marriage Mail Incentive price.[^4]

An addressed saturation mailing needs its list in walk sequence.[^1] USPS provides no lists, but [Computerized Delivery Sequence](https://postalref.com/products/cds.md) puts a mailer's own list in walk sequence and keeps it updated.[^20][^21][^6] The list qualifies through [Electronic Address Sequencing](https://postalref.com/products/eas.md) when it holds at least 90 percent of a ZIP Code's possible deliveries.[^5][^31]

[DSF2](https://postalref.com/products/dsf2.md), a USPS address product, checks whether each address is a known record in the USPS delivery file.[^32] Processing by a DSF2 licensee is another approved way to put a list in walk sequence.[^32] The licensee takes each address's walk sequence number from [Enhanced Line of Travel](https://postalref.com/products/address-information-system.md#elot), or eLOT, an address product that sorts lists in approximate carrier sequence.[^33][^34]

## Carrier routes and walk sequence

A carrier route is the addresses one carrier delivers to.[^25] In common usage, it is one of these:[^25]

- a city route
- a rural route, served by a rural carrier[^35]
- a highway contract route
- a Post Office Box section
- a general delivery unit

Carrier route is also a [presort](https://postalref.com/guides/presort.md) level, in which every piece in a bundle or container goes to the same route.[^25]

Walk sequence is the order in which a carrier delivers mail for a route, and most carrier route presort mail requires it.[^2] An address's place in that order is its delivery sequence number.[^36]

Line-of-travel sequence is looser: it orders a route's ZIP+4 codes as the carrier serves them, not each address.[^37] Within each ZIP+4 code, the addresses are marked as ascending or descending.[^37] Mail at carrier route basic prices needs line-of-travel sequence unless it is in walk sequence.[^37] Mail in either order is sequenced mail, which gets a price generally lower than nonsequenced mail.[^26]

> LOT information must be updated within 90 days before the mailing date.[^37]

**Must.** A mailer must update its line-of-travel information within the 90 days before the mailing date.

- **Carrier Route**, also called CR, Carrier Route Identifier, Carrier Route Id: “(1) The addresses to which a carrier delivers mail. In common usage, carrier route includes city routes, rural routes, highway contract routes, Post Office Box sections, and general delivery units. (2) A presort level in which all pieces in the bundle or container are addressed for delivery to the same city route, rural route, highway contract route, Post Office Box section, or general delivery unit. (3) A price category available for some mail classes or products prepared at a carrier route presort level.”[^25]
- **rural route**, also called RR: “A delivery route served by a rural carrier.”[^35]
- **line-of-travel sequence**, also called LOT sequence: “LOT sequence is not an exact walk sequence but a sequence of ZIP+4 codes arranged in the order that the route is served by a carrier.”[^38]
- **walk sequence**: “The order in which a carrier delivers mail for a route. This order is required for most carrier route presort mail.”[^2]
- **sequenced mail**: “Mail sorted and made up by a mailer in the order in which the carrier delivers mail on a route (either in line-of-travel sequence or walk sequence) and for which the mailer receives a specific price that is generally lower than nonsequenced mail.”[^26]
- **Delivery Sequence Number**: “The number indicating the position of an address on a carrier route.”[^36]

## Saturation and high density prices

Saturation and high density are carrier route prices for mail prepared in walk sequence.[^1][^27] The saturation price needs mail to at least 90 percent of a route's active residential addresses, or 75 percent of all its active possible deliveries.[^1] The high density price needs at least 125 pieces per route.[^27] The high density plus price needs at least 300 pieces per carrier route, sorted together in sequence.[^39]

An active delivery point is one that is occupied, or vacant less than 90 days.[^40] A possible delivery is any stop to which a carrier could make a delivery.[^41]

USPS Marketing Mail has high density and saturation letters, and high density and saturation flats and parcels, among its products.[^28] It was called Standard Mail until its rename on January 22, 2017.[^42][^29] A saturation piece shows `ECRWSS` with its class marking, to show it qualifies for the saturation price.[^43]

A simplified address is an alternative addressing format for identical mail to every customer on a rural route or highway contract route.[^44] It puts a name such as `Postal Customer` in place of a complete delivery address.[^3] It also serves every Post Office Box customer at an office without city carriers.[^44] On a city route, commercial mail may use one only on these pieces:[^45]

- flat-size USPS Marketing Mail pieces
- flat-size Periodicals pieces
- flat-size Bound Printed Matter pieces
- Periodicals nonstandard parcels

The mailing needs a complete distribution, to each active residential delivery or each active delivery on the route.[^44][^45] Official mail from federal, state and local government agencies may also use one on a city route.[^44][^45]

For pieces with a simplified address, the postage statement records the delivery statistics file or other method the mailer used.[^46] The [Delivery Statistics Product](https://postalref.com/products/address-information-system.md#delivery-statistics-product) counts the Post Office Boxes and business and residential deliveries on city, rural and highway contract routes for every ZIP Code.[^47] As of September 2026, USPS plans to extend [IV-MTR](https://postalref.com/products/iv-mtr.md) bundle visibility to saturation mail and EDDM, which use simplified addressing, in a later release.[^48][^30]

- **simplified address**: “An alternative addressing format used when delivery of identical mail is requested to every customer on a rural route or highway contract route, or to all Post Office Box customers at a Post Office without city carrier service. Instead of listing the addressee’s name and address, the mailer may use “Postal Customer." The format may also be used for certain types of mailpieces on a city route and to Post Office Boxes in offices with city delivery service when a complete distribution is made to each active residential delivery or each active delivery on the route or to the box section. Government agencies may also use this format for official mail sent to all stops on city routes and Post Office Boxes at Post Offices with city delivery service. In such cases, these formats may be used: “Postal Customer,” “Residential Customer,” and “Business Customer,” depending on the coverage type requested.”[^44]
- **ECRWSS**: “A price-specific marking that is combined with the required basic marking (i.e., class marking) to indicate eligibility for the Standard Mail saturation price category.”[^43]
- **active delivery point**: “A delivery point that is currently occupied or vacant less than 90 days.”[^40]
- **saturation price**: “A carrier route price for Standard Mail and Periodicals letters and flats that requires preparing the mail in walk sequence, with mail to 90% or more of the active residential addresses or 75% or more of the total number of active possible delivery addresses per route receiving this mail.”[^1]
- **high density price**: “A carrier route price for Standard Mail and Periodicals pieces that requires preparing the mail in walk sequence, with a minimum of 125 Standard Mail pieces per route required and a minimum of 125 Periodicals pieces per route required except for Periodicals In-County prices, which require a minimum number of pieces equal to 25% of the total active possible deliveries.”[^27]
- **possible delivery**: “Any stop to which a carrier could make a delivery. A possible delivery could be an active delivery point, a vacant address (designated as such if vacant for more than 90 days and flagged in the address database), or a Post Office Box throwback (designated in the address database as an address that receives free Post Office Box service at a Post Office that has no carrier delivery service or at a Post Office in which the address is within a quarter mile of the Post Office).”[^41]

## Every Door Direct Mail

[Every Door Direct Mail](https://postalref.com/products/every-door-direct-mail.md), or EDDM, lets a business target areas of its local market without names and addresses on the mailpieces.[^10] It targets residences and businesses by carrier route, so it serves local mailings, regional initiatives and national campaigns.[^9] It works on city and rural routes, at carrier route prices for certain USPS Marketing Mail, Periodicals and Bound Printed Matter pieces.[^3][^29]

EDDM Retail, for smaller mailings, takes at least 200 and up to 5,000 pieces per day per ZIP Code.[^9][^10] It needs no mailing permit, and its mailer pays online or at the Post Office.[^11] EDDM BMEU takes more than 5,000, paid with a bulk mail permit at the Business Mail Entry Unit where the permit is held.[^10][^7][^12] Saturation Mail prices apply to EDDM BMEU.[^9]

The free EDDM Online Tool shows a target area's delivery routes and the households on each, for up to five 5-digit ZIP Codes per mailing.[^9] It also prints the facing slips and postage statements.[^10] Printers and mail service providers also build EDDM orders, in mail management software that holds the same ZIP Code and carrier route data.[^7] Each piece goes to every address on the chosen routes, addressed to a generic name such as `Postal Customer`.[^8] An EDDM BMEU piece shows `ECRWSS` in the address area or in or below its permit indicia.[^9]

## Marriage Mail and Plus One

[Marriage Mail](https://postalref.com/products/marriage-mail.md) combines advertisements, such as coupons or sales notices, from several companies into one mailpiece.[^4] Sharing the piece cuts the mailing's cost for each advertiser.[^4] The Mail Owner is the business that combines its clients' advertisements into one piece.[^4]

The [Marriage Mail Incentive](https://postalref.com/products/marriage-mail.md#marriage-mail-price-incentive) is a discounted price on Saturation and High Density Plus marriage mail letters and flats.[^4] It covers EDDM mailings but not EDDM Retail.[^18] As of July 12, 2026, it is a 20% discount on qualifying pieces.[^4] Each piece carries at least 4 advertisers and weighs no more than 2 oz.[^49] The Mail Owner sends at least 10 qualifying mailings in each 12-month cycle.[^49]

[Plus One](https://postalref.com/products/marriage-mail.md#plus-one-product) is an advertising card sent with a host Marriage Mail saturation letter or flat.[^19] The host mailing must be at least 90% Saturation, with the rest High Density or High Density Plus.[^19] The card goes to the same delivery points as its host.[^19] As of October 4, 2026, a Plus One card costs $0.126 a piece, up from $0.12 in July 2025.[^16][^22][^50] On the postage statement, the cards go on a line of their own under Carrier Route Automation Letters, in Section C for a letter host and Section F for a flat host.[^51]

## Walk-sequence address lists

USPS is bound by Title 39, which keeps it from providing name or address lists to anyone.[^20] A mailer creates its own list or buys one from an address list vendor.[^21]

[Computerized Delivery Sequence](https://postalref.com/products/cds.md), or CDS, is an updating service USPS performs on a mailer's own list.[^21] Its file holds addresses confirmed by [Delivery Point Validation](https://postalref.com/products/delivery-point-validated.md), including 911-converted ones, in walk sequence.[^6] Updates come weekly or bimonthly, and the weekly ones cost nothing extra.[^21][^52] CDS gives mailers access to walk sequence saturation discounts.[^53]

A list qualifies for CDS only through [Electronic Address Sequencing](https://postalref.com/products/eas.md), or EAS.[^5] It must hold 90 to 110 percent of the possible deliveries in a ZIP Code, or in each address group it covers.[^31][^20]

> Customers attempting to qualify for CDS using EAS must have address lists containing at least 90 percent — but not greater than 110 percent — of the total possible deliveries in a ZIP Code.[^23]

**Must.** A list sent through EAS to qualify for CDS must hold at least 90 percent, and no more than 110 percent, of the ZIP Code's possible deliveries.

[Enhanced Line of Travel](https://postalref.com/products/address-information-system.md#elot), or eLOT, is an address product that sorts lists in approximate carrier sequence of delivery, not exact walk sequence.[^34][^37] It gives each range of ZIP+4 codes on a route a sequence number and an ascending or descending code.[^54] Licensed [DSF2](https://postalref.com/products/dsf2.md) processing is another approved way to put mail in walk sequence without a simplified address.[^32] A DSF2 licensee must get each address's walk sequence number from eLOT.[^33]

Some delivery points on a route get no mail.[^52] A no-stat delivery point is a building under construction, demolished or blighted, or a rural route address without mail for 90 days or longer.[^55] A vacant delivery point was active in the past but is not occupied, generally for 90 days or more.[^56]

The CDS file marks vacant addresses with its Address Vacant Indicator.[^57] No-stat addresses come in a separate CDS No-Stat file, sold only to CDS customers for an additional charge.[^52] It includes eLOT at no additional charge, to merge the no-stat records into a list in sequence.[^52] The file lets a mailer begin mailing a new delivery point when its occupant asks.[^58]

A CDS customer that rents or leases its list can include seed addresses, fictitious addresses USPS creates for it.[^59] Address sequencing finds the seeds when another party submits the list.[^59]

- **no-stat delivery point**: “A business or dwelling under construction, demolished, blighted or otherwise identified as not likely to become active for some time, or a rural route address that has not been receiving mail for 90 days or longer. No-stat and vacant tables are part of the Delivery Point Validation product.”[^55]
- **vacant delivery point**: “A delivery point that was active in the past but is currently not occupied (generally not occupied for 90 days or more) and not receiving mail delivery. It does not include businesses or homes under construction, demolished, or otherwise identified as unlikely to become active.”[^56]
- **Enhanced Line of Travel**, also called eLOT, eLine-Of-Travel: “The eLOT product allows mailers the ability to sort their mailings in approximate carrier-casing sequence.”[^54]
- **CDS No-Stat**: “CDS No-Stats are delivery points in the database that currently do not receive delivery.”[^52]
- **seed address**: “Seed addresses are fictitious addresses created by USPS and provided to USPS® CDS customers.”[^59]

## What goes wrong

- In [Mail.dat](https://postalref.com/guides/edoc.md), a job fails validation when its saturation pieces have no walk sequence records.[^60]
- A Mail.dat job at saturation, high density or carrier route prices can't carry an [address coding](https://postalref.com/guides/address-matching.md) date more than 90 days before its mailing date.[^61]
- A [Weekly CDS](https://postalref.com/products/cds.md) customer that skips updates gets out-of-sequence carrier route information, which could affect its postage discounts.[^62]
- [EAS](https://postalref.com/products/eas.md) stops processing a list when the addresses submitted exceed 110 percent of the possible deliveries.[^23]
- A [seed address](https://postalref.com/products/cds.md#seeds) in a submitted list disqualifies every ZIP Code and address group that holds it.[^23]
- Failing to qualify a ZIP Code through [EAS](https://postalref.com/products/eas.md) in three attempts in 12 months bars further attempts on it for one year.[^63]
- A Mail Owner with fewer than 10 qualifying [Marriage Mail](https://postalref.com/products/marriage-mail.md) mailings in a cycle is charged the entire incentive claimed in that cycle.[^64]

## Index: 27 entries

### Services (8)

- [Address Sequencing](https://postalref.com/products/cds.md#terms)
- [CDS Conversion Software](https://postalref.com/products/cds.md#terms)
- [Computerized Delivery Sequence](https://postalref.com/products/cds.md)
- [Electronic Address Sequencing](https://postalref.com/products/eas.md)
- [Enhanced Line of Travel](https://postalref.com/products/address-information-system.md#elot)
- [Every Door Direct Mail](https://postalref.com/products/every-door-direct-mail.md)
- [Every Door Direct Mail – Retail](https://postalref.com/products/every-door-direct-mail.md#terms)
- [Weekly CDS](https://postalref.com/products/cds.md#terms)

### System (1)

- [Every Door Direct Mail Online Mapping Tool](https://postalref.com/products/every-door-direct-mail.md#terms)

### File (1)

- [Not Found File](https://postalref.com/products/eas.md#terms)

### Document (1)

- [Processing Acknowledgement Form](https://postalref.com/products/eas.md#terms)

### Terms (16)

- [Carrier Route](https://postalref.com/guides/saturation-mail.md#routes)
- [CDS No-Stat](https://postalref.com/guides/saturation-mail.md#lists)
- [Delivery Sequence Number](https://postalref.com/guides/saturation-mail.md#routes)
- [high density price](https://postalref.com/guides/saturation-mail.md#prices)
- [Informed Addressing](https://postalref.com/?q=Informed%20Addressing)
- [line-of-travel sequence](https://postalref.com/guides/saturation-mail.md#routes)
- [Marriage Mail](https://postalref.com/products/marriage-mail.md)
- [no-stat delivery point](https://postalref.com/guides/saturation-mail.md#lists)
- [Plus One Product](https://postalref.com/products/marriage-mail.md#plus-one-product)
- [possible delivery](https://postalref.com/guides/saturation-mail.md#prices)
- [rural route](https://postalref.com/guides/saturation-mail.md#routes)
- [saturation price](https://postalref.com/guides/saturation-mail.md#prices)
- [seed address](https://postalref.com/guides/saturation-mail.md#lists)
- [simplified address](https://postalref.com/guides/saturation-mail.md#prices)
- [vacant delivery point](https://postalref.com/guides/saturation-mail.md#lists)
- [walk sequence](https://postalref.com/guides/saturation-mail.md#routes)

## Sources

[^1]: [Publication 32: Glossary of Postal Terms](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-04/pub32_glossary.pdf#page=202), page 198: “A carrier route price for Standard Mail and Periodicals letters and flats that requires preparing the mail in walk sequence, with mail to 90% or more of the active residential addresses or 75% or more of the total number of active possible delivery addresses per route receiving this mail.”

[^2]: [Publication 32: Glossary of Postal Terms](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-04/pub32_glossary.pdf#page=237), page 233: “The order in which a carrier delivers mail for a route. This order is required for most carrier route presort mail.”

[^3]: [Publication 32: Glossary of Postal Terms](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-04/pub32_glossary.pdf#page=82), PDF page 82: “The service uses a simplified address such as “Postal Customer” in place of a complete delivery address and is available for both city and rural routes at specified carrier route price categories for certain types of Standard Mail, Periodicals, and Bound Printed Matter. … An easy-to-use service designed mainly for local businesses such as auto dealers, banks, hardware stores, real estate agencies, restaurants, and supermarkets to send geographically targeted advertising mail to every household or business on a postal delivery route.”

[^4]: [Marriage Mail Incentive Fact Sheet](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2026-07/Fact%20Sheet_Marriage%20Mail%20Incentive%20070926.pdf#page=1), PDF page 1: “Marriage Mail is a form of direct mail in which marketing service companies combine or “marry” advertisements (e.g., coupons or sales notices) from multiple companies into one mail piece to reduce the cost of the mailing for individual advertisers. … As of July 12, 2026, the Incentive price will be a 20% discount on qualifying pieces. … The Marriage Mail Incentive is a discounted (incentive) price offered on Saturation (including EDDM-Commercial) and High Density Plus Marketing Mail letters and flats which meet certain requirements including weight and advertiser content. … A Mail Owner, for the purposes of the Marriage Mail Incentive, is a business or organization that consolidates advertisements from multiple clients (i.e., the “advertisers”) into one mail piece.”

[^5]: [Electronic Address Sequencing (EAS) FAQs](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2024-01/QAEAS.pdf#page=1), PDF page 1: “Customers must qualify for CDS through the EAS process. … The cost will be at the EAS rate per record for each address removed from the address list and for each added to the address list. … Customers must pay for the EAS service provided.”

[^6]: [Computerized Delivery Sequence (CDS) User Guide](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2024-01/CDS_User_Guide.pdf#page=3), page 1: “The CDS file provides customers with DPV® addresses, including the Locatable Address Conversions (LACS) or 911-converted addresses, in walk sequence.”

[^7]: [How to Create an EDDM Bulk Mailing](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2019-05/How%20to%20Create%20an%20EDDM%20Bulk%20Mailing_052819.pdf#page=1), PDF page 1: “Choose the neighborhoods in the EDDM online tool where you think your customers live. … BMEU users must have a bulk mail permit to pay for and EDDM mailings. … Many printers and Mail Service Providers create EDDM orders using mail management software that has access to the same ZIP Code and Carrier Route data found in the EDDM Online Tool.”

[^8]: [How to Create an EDDM Bulk Mailing](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2019-05/How%20to%20Create%20an%20EDDM%20Bulk%20Mailing_052819.pdf#page=2), PDF page 2: “Most mailpieces can simply be addressed to "Postal Customer" and your mail will be delivered to every address in your selected neighborhoods. … Use the Mailpiece Size Checker, located at the top right of the EDDM Online Tool, to make sure your mailpiece meets the USPS Marketing Mail® Flats size requirements.”

[^9]: [Every Door Direct Mail BMEU Fact Sheet](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-12/eddm-business-mail-entry-unit-fact-sheet.pdf#page=1), PDF page 1: “You simply select the neighborhoods you want to target, and a Postal Service™ Letter Carrier delivers your mailpiece with the day’s mail. … Every Door Direct Mail is available with the following formats: Standard Mail® flats, irregular parcels, periodicals, and bound printed matter flats. … Using our free Every Door Direct Mail online mapping tool, you can identify delivery routes in your target area as well as the number of households per route (up to five 5-digit ZIP Code™ locations per mailing). … Use our free online mapping tool to calculate postage and to prepare the postage statement and support documentation. … Because Every Door Direct Mail targets residences and businesses at the carrier route level, you can use it for smaller local mailings, regional initiatives, or large national campaigns. … For smaller mailings, we offer Every Door Direct Mail – Retail. … Current Saturation Mail prices apply. … All mailpieces must contain ECRWSS in the address area or within or below the Permit Indicia.”

[^10]: [PostalPro: Every Door Direct Mail® (EDDM®)](https://postalpro.usps.com/mailing/every-door-direct-mail): “With EDDM Retail, you can send at least 200 and up to 5,000 pieces per day per ZIP Code™ … With EDDM BMEU, you can send more than 5,000 pieces per day per ZIP Code™ … Every Door Direct Mail (EDDM) is an efficient and affordable service for businesses that want to target specific areas in their local market without requiring names and addresses on the mailpieces. … The tool generates required documentation under DMM® standards as well as facing slips and postage statements (PS Form 3587-B for retail; PS Form 3602 and PS Form 8125 for BMEU entry).”

[^11]: [USPS: Every Door Direct Mail (EDDM)](https://www.usps.com/business/every-door-direct-mail.htm): “Local businesses and individuals can create an Every Door Direct Mail-Retail® (EDDM Retail®) mailing online with a USPS.com account. … No special mailing permit needed … EDDM flyers, postcards, and other flats are considered USPS Marketing Mail® products. … Use the EDDM Retail Indicia, which is a postage payment mark that takes the place of a regular postage stamp or meter stamp. … Every EDDM mailpiece must include the EDDM Retail Indicia above and to the right of the address block. … Include a completed Every Door Direct Mail (EDDM) Retail® form PS Form 3587 … Take the mailing to the Post Office for your selected ZIP Code™. … Pay online or at the Post Office”

[^12]: [How to Create an EDDM Bulk Mailing](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2019-05/How%20to%20Create%20an%20EDDM%20Bulk%20Mailing_052819.pdf#page=3), PDF page 3: “Take your EDDM mailing to the BMEU location where your permit is held for delivery to your selected routes.”

[^13]: [DMM 143: Every Door Direct Mail-Retail (EDDM-Retail), Prices and Eligibility](https://pe.usps.com/text/dmm300/143.htm): “EDDM-Retail flats must weigh no more than 3.3 ounces and must have a length greater than 10-1/2 inches long, or a height greater than 6-1/8 inches high, or a thickness greater than 1/4 inch thick.”

[^14]: [DMM 101: Retail Mail, Physical Standards for Letters, Cards, Flats, and Parcels](https://pe.usps.com/text/dmm300/101.htm): “Not more than 15 inches long, or more than 12 inches high, or more than 3/4 inch thick.”

[^15]: [Publication 32: Glossary of Postal Terms](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-04/pub32_glossary.pdf#page=92), PDF page 92: “Flat-size mail may be unwrapped, sleeved, wrapped, or enveloped.”

[^16]: [Notice 123: Price List (effective October 4, 2026)](https://pe.usps.com/text/dmm300/Notice123.htm): “Notice 123 • Effective October 04, 2026 … Flats up to 3.3 oz. | $0.260 … Saturation3,4 | EDDM | High Density Plus | High Density | Basic … Flats weighing 4 oz. or less per piece price | None | $0.308 | $0.309 … DDU | 0.258 | 0.259 | 0.323 … For DSCF Saturation Letters with a Plus One mailpiece add $0.126 per piece.”

[^17]: [Publication 32: Glossary of Postal Terms](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-04/pub32_glossary.pdf#page=66), page 62: “The delivery unit or other postal facility designated by USPS as a delivery unit where a mailer enters mail destined for addresses served by the carriers of the unit.”

[^18]: [PostalPro: Marriage Mail Price Incentive](https://postalpro.usps.com/marriage-mail): “As part of the July 9, 2023 price change implementation, the US Postal Service will provide marriage mailers an incentive price on Saturation USPS Marketing Mail letters and flats including EDDM (not EDDM Retail) that weigh 2 ounces or less, if they meet certain requirements.”

[^19]: [Plus One FAQs](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2026-02/Plus%20One%20FAQ%202026.pdf#page=1), page 1: “The Plus One product is an advertising card which mailers can send accompanying a Host “Marriage Mail” USPS Marketing Mail Saturation Letter mailpiece or a Host “Marriage Mail” Marketing Mail Saturation Flat mailing. … The Host USPS Marketing Mail Saturation Marriage Mail Letter mailing must be at least 90% Saturation with the remainder being High Density or High Density Plus … All Flat Plus One mailings (Flat Host) must be a minimum of 90 percent (90%) of the total mailing of the Host Saturation Marriage Marketing Mail Flat volume and must be entered at either the DDU or DSCF to qualify for use of the Plus One Card. … Addressed and delivered to the same delivery points as the Host USPS Marketing Mail Saturation Marriage Mail Letter or Flats mailing”

[^20]: [Computerized Delivery Sequence (CDS) User Guide](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2024-01/CDS_User_Guide.pdf#page=4), page 2: “USPS is bound by Title 39, preventing USPS from providing name and/or address lists to any individual, company, or organization. … The process for qualifying to receive CDS updates specifies that mailers must demonstrate they possess a minimum of 90 percent of the current possible delivery addresses in the ZIP Code™ and/or address group for which they wish to receive CDS updates. … Combined Delivery-Type Group (All) – If the addresses are in a grouping that combines all of the individual address groupings described in 1-5 above, the list must contain 90 percent (but not exceed 110 percent) of all possible deliveries within each individual address grouping included in the list.”

[^21]: [Computerized Delivery Sequence (CDS) FAQs](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2024-01/QACDS.pdf#page=1), PDF page 1: “The address list must be created or purchased from an address list vendor. … The CDS program is an updating service performed on 'customer provided address list(s)' that delivers qualified mailers updated delivery sequence information. … CDS updates are available electronically weekly or bimonthly.”

[^22]: [PRC: Mail Classification Schedule through July 12, 2026 (docx, converted to HTML with mammoth)](https://www.prc.gov/sites/default/files/mcs/MCS%20Through%2007122026.docx): “Per correction (removal of each undeliverable address, or addition of each missing or new address) | 0.70 … Add $0.126 for each Plus One card mailed with a Saturation Letter or Saturation Flat marriage mail “host” mailpiece.”

[^23]: [Electronic Address Sequencing (EAS) User Guide](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2018-07/EAS_USER_GUIDE.pdf#page=9), page 7: “Payment is due 30 days from the date of the invoice, regardless of qualification results. … Customers attempting to qualify for CDS using EAS must have address lists containing at least 90 percent — but not greater than 110 percent — of the total possible deliveries in a ZIP Code. … File processing is terminated when the percentage of addresses submitted exceeds 110 percent. … If a seed address is identified in the qualification process, the CDS List Owner and the mailer will be notified. All ZIP Codes and/or address groups containing seed addresses will be disqualified.”

[^24]: [Electronic Address Sequencing (EAS) User Guide](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2018-07/EAS_USER_GUIDE.pdf#page=12), page 10: “If the ZIP Code/address group did not prequalify, there is no charge … If the ZIP Code/address group prequalified but did not qualify at the address level, fees are charged for removal of each nonexistent address only”

[^25]: [Publication 32: Glossary of Postal Terms](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-04/pub32_glossary.pdf#page=37), page 33: “The addresses to which a carrier delivers mail. … In common usage, carrier route includes city routes, rural routes, highway contract routes, Post Office Box sections, and general delivery units. … A presort level in which all pieces in the bundle or container are addressed for delivery to the same city route, rural route, highway contract route, Post Office Box section, or general delivery unit. … (1) The addresses to which a carrier delivers mail. In common usage, carrier route includes city routes, rural routes, highway contract routes, Post Office Box sections, and general delivery units. (2) A presort level in which all pieces in the bundle or container are addressed for delivery to the same city route, rural route, highway contract route, Post Office Box section, or general delivery unit. (3) A price category available for some mail classes or products prepared at a carrier route presort level.”

[^26]: [Publication 32: Glossary of Postal Terms](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-04/pub32_glossary.pdf#page=206), PDF page 206: “Mail sorted and made up by a mailer in the order in which the carrier delivers mail on a route (either in line-of-travel sequence or walk sequence) and for which the mailer receives a specific price that is generally lower than nonsequenced mail.”

[^27]: [Publication 32: Glossary of Postal Terms](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-04/pub32_glossary.pdf#page=101), page 97: “A carrier route price for Standard Mail and Periodicals pieces that requires preparing the mail in walk sequence, with a minimum of 125 Standard Mail pieces per route required and a minimum of 125 Periodicals pieces per route required except for Periodicals In-County prices, which require a minimum number of pieces equal to 25% of the total active possible deliveries.”

[^28]: [Publication 32: Glossary of Postal Terms](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-04/pub32_glossary.pdf#page=216), page 212: “It comprises six products: (a) letters; (b) flats; (c) parcels and not flat-machinables (NFMs); (d) high density and saturation letters; (e) high density and saturation flats and parcels; and (f) carrier route letters, flats, and parcels.”

[^29]: [Automated Certificate of Mailing User Guide](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2025-04/Certificate%20of%20Mailing%20Automation%20User%20Guide_Apr2025_FINAL.pdf#page=7), page 7: “Standard Mail (USPS Marketing Mail)”

[^30]: [Informed Visibility® Mail Tracking & Reporting (IV®-MTR) User Guide](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2026-09/IV_MTR_UserGuide_v2.19.9.pdf#page=21), page 9: “In a future release, bundle visibility will be expanded to include saturation mail and Every Door Direct Mail™ (EDDM), which utilize simplified addressing.”

[^31]: [Computerized Delivery Sequence (CDS) Brochure](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2017-11/CDSBrochure.PDF#page=1), PDF page 1: “Address lists must contain at least 90 percent – but not greater than 110 percent – of the total possible deliveries in a ZIP Code™.”

[^32]: [PostalPro: DSF2®](https://postalpro.usps.com/address-quality/dsf2): “The DSF2® Product identifies whether a ZIP + 4® coded address is currently represented in the USPS® delivery file as a known address record. … DSF2® processing is one of the approved methods outlined in the Domestic Mail Manual for sequencing mail pieces in walk-sequence when not using a simplified address.”

[^33]: [DSF2® Licensee Performance Requirements - CASS Cycle O](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2023-11/DSF2LPR_v25_CASS_CYCLE%20O_0.pdf#page=10), page 10: “If the customer’s list is being processed for walk-sequence information, the Licensee must use eLOT service to get the walk sequence number.”

[^34]: [Publication 32: Glossary of Postal Terms](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-04/pub32_glossary.pdf#page=80), page 76: “An address management software product that enables mailers to sort address lists in approximate carrier sequence of delivery.”

[^35]: [Appendix D: Glossary of ACS™ Acronyms and Terminology](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2018-02/AppendixD_GlossaryACSTermsAcronyms.pdf#page=6), PDF page 6: “A delivery route served by a rural carrier.”

[^36]: [Computerized Delivery Sequence (CDS) User Guide](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2024-01/CDS_User_Guide.pdf#page=26), page 24: “Delivery Sequence Number – The number indicating the position of an address on a carrier route. … The number indicating the position of an address on a carrier route.”

[^37]: [Publication 32: Glossary of Postal Terms](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-04/pub32_glossary.pdf#page=120), page 116: “It is not an exact walk sequence but a sequence of ZIP+4 codes arranged in the order that the route is served by a carrier. … First the ZIP+4 groups are sequenced, then the addresses within each are identified as being in ascending or descending order. … Unless the mail is prepared in carrier walk sequence, LOT sequence is required for mailings at Standard Mail and Periodicals carrier route basic prices. … LOT information must be updated within 90 days before the mailing date.”

[^38]: [DMM 245: USPS Marketing Mail, Mail Preparation (July 2026)](https://pe.usps.com/text/dmm300/245.htm): “LOT sequence is not an exact walk sequence but a sequence of ZIP+4 codes arranged in the order that the route is served by a carrier.”

[^39]: [DMM 243: USPS Marketing Mail, Prices and Eligibility](https://pe.usps.com/text/dmm300/243.htm): “Pieces mailed at high density plus prices must be sorted together in sequence in quantities of at least 300 pieces for each carrier route. … For high density plus prices, the density requirement is at least 300 pieces for each carrier route.”

[^40]: [Publication 32: Glossary of Postal Terms](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-04/pub32_glossary.pdf#page=10), page 6: “A delivery point that is currently occupied or vacant less than 90 days.”

[^41]: [Publication 32: Glossary of Postal Terms](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-04/pub32_glossary.pdf#page=169), page 165: “Any stop to which a carrier could make a delivery. … Any stop to which a carrier could make a delivery. A possible delivery could be an active delivery point, a vacant address (designated as such if vacant for more than 90 days and flagged in the address database), or a Post Office Box throwback (designated in the address database as an address that receives free Post Office Box service at a Post Office that has no carrier delivery service or at a Post Office in which the address is within a quarter mile of the Post Office).”

[^42]: [Intelligent Mail® Package Barcode (IMpb) ACS™ Technical Guide](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2024-02/IMpb_ACS_Technical_Guide.pdf#page=3), page 3: “On January 22, 2017, Standard Mail® underwent a name change and was rebranded as USPS Marketing Mail™”

[^43]: [Publication 32: Glossary of Postal Terms](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-04/pub32_glossary.pdf#page=75), page 71: “A price-specific marking that is combined with the required basic marking (i.e., class marking) to indicate eligibility for the Standard Mail saturation price category.”

[^44]: [Publication 32: Glossary of Postal Terms](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-04/pub32_glossary.pdf#page=210), PDF page 210: “An alternative addressing format used when delivery of identical mail is requested to every customer on a rural route or highway contract route, or to all Post Office Box customers at a Post Office without city carrier service. … The format may also be used for certain types of mailpieces on a city route and to Post Office Boxes in offices with city delivery service when a complete distribution is made to each active residential delivery or each active delivery on the route or to the box section. … Government agencies may also use this format for official mail sent to all stops on city routes and Post Office Boxes at Post Offices with city delivery service. … An alternative addressing format used when delivery of identical mail is requested to every customer on a rural route or highway contract route, or to all Post Office Box customers at a Post Office without city carrier service. Instead of listing the addressee’s name and address, the mailer may use “Postal Customer." The format may also be used for certain types of mailpieces on a city route and to Post Office Boxes in offices with city delivery service when a complete distribution is made to each active residential delivery or each active delivery on the route or to the box section. Government agencies may also use this format for official mail sent to all stops on city routes and Post Office Boxes at Post Offices with city delivery service. In such cases, these formats may be used: “Postal Customer,” “Residential Customer,” and “Business Customer,” depending on the coverage type requested.”

[^45]: [DMM 602: Addressing](https://pe.usps.com/text/dmm300/602.htm): “The following conditions must be met when using a simplified address on commercial mailpieces: … USPS Marketing Mail, Periodicals, and Bound Printed Matter flat-size mailpieces … and Periodicals nonstandard parcels for distribution to a city route or to Post Office boxes in offices with city carrier service may bear a simplified address, but only when complete distribution is made under the following conditions: … may be omitted from the address only on pieces mailed as official matter by agencies of the federal government … any state, county, or municipal government; and the governments of the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico”

[^46]: [Mail.dat Technical Specifications R65.0.0.0](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2026-10/USPS_Mail_dat_Tech_Spec.pdf#page=81), page 81: “For pieces bearing a simplified address enter data of delivery statistics file or alternative method”

[^47]: [PostalPro: Delivery Statistics Product](https://postalpro.usps.com/address-quality/delivery-statistics-product): “The Delivery Statistics Product defines the number of post office boxes and business/residential deliveries on city, rural, and highway contract routes for every ZIP Code™ in the United States.”

[^48]: [Informed Visibility® Mail Tracking & Reporting (IV®-MTR) User Guide](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2026-09/IV_MTR_UserGuide_v2.19.9.pdf#page=1), PDF page 1: “v2.19.9, September 2026”

[^49]: [Marriage Mail Incentive Fact Sheet](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2026-07/Fact%20Sheet_Marriage%20Mail%20Incentive%20070926.pdf#page=2), PDF page 2: “Minimum of 4 advertisers per mail piece (on one sheet or multiple sheets, bound or inserted). … Mail piece weight not to exceed 2 oz. … Minimum mailing frequency of 10 qualifying mailings per 12-month cycle commencing from the month of first claim of this Incentive price by a Mail Owner CRID.”

[^50]: [Plus One FAQs](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2026-02/Plus%20One%20FAQ%202026.pdf#page=2), page 2: “The July 2025 Plus One Card postage rate is $0.12 per piece.”

[^51]: [Plus One FAQs](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2026-02/Plus%20One%20FAQ%202026.pdf#page=3), page 3: “Postal mailing statements now contain a new line number, Section C for Letter host pieces and Section F for Flat host pieces, under Carrier Route Automation Letters where Plus One Card volume is entered.”

[^52]: [Computerized Delivery Sequence (CDS) Brochure](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2017-11/CDSBrochure.PDF#page=2), PDF page 2: “Weekly electronic CDS updates are a good value, as they are available to customers at no additional charge and provide more frequent updates to ensure the most up-todate data. … CDS No-Stats are delivery points in the database that currently do not receive delivery. … The CDS No-Stat supplemental file is available only to current CDS customers, for an additional charge. … Customers requesting the CDS NoStat supplemental file are provided, at no additional charge, the relevant USPS eLOT® product to assist in merging the CDS No-Stat data into their file in proper sequence.”

[^53]: [PostalPro: Computerized Delivery Sequence (CDS)](https://postalpro.usps.com/address-quality/cds): “Access to walk sequence saturation discounts”

[^54]: [PostalPro: Enhanced Line of Travel (eLOT®)](https://postalpro.usps.com/address-quality/elot): “To aid in mail sortation, eLOT contains an eLOT sequence number field and an ascending/descending code. … The eLOT sequence number indicates the first occurrence of delivery made to the add-on range within the carrier route, and the ascending/descending code indicates the approximate delivery order within the sequence number. … The eLOT product allows mailers the ability to sort their mailings in approximate carrier-casing sequence.”

[^55]: [Publication 32: Glossary of Postal Terms](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-04/pub32_glossary.pdf#page=152), PDF page 152: “A business or dwelling under construction, demolished, blighted or otherwise identified as not likely to become active for some time, or a rural route address that has not been receiving mail for 90 days or longer. … A business or dwelling under construction, demolished, blighted or otherwise identified as not likely to become active for some time, or a rural route address that has not been receiving mail for 90 days or longer. No-stat and vacant tables are part of the Delivery Point Validation product.”

[^56]: [Publication 32: Glossary of Postal Terms](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2016-04/pub32_glossary.pdf#page=234), PDF page 234: “A delivery point that was active in the past but is currently not occupied (generally not occupied for 90 days or more) and not receiving mail delivery. … A delivery point that was active in the past but is currently not occupied (generally not occupied for 90 days or more) and not receiving mail delivery. It does not include businesses or homes under construction, demolished, or otherwise identified as unlikely to become active.”

[^57]: [Computerized Delivery Sequence (CDS) User Guide](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2024-01/CDS_User_Guide.pdf#page=23), page 21: “Address Vacant Indicator – Indicates whether a delivery point has been unoccupied for 90 days or more: Y = Vacant 90 days or more N = Not vacant”

[^58]: [Computerized Delivery Sequence (CDS) User Guide](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2024-01/CDS_User_Guide.pdf#page=15), page 13: “Begin mailing to new delivery points when requested by the occupant Resume mailing to a previously vacant Rural Route address when requested by the occupant”

[^59]: [Computerized Delivery Sequence (CDS) User Guide](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2024-01/CDS_User_Guide.pdf#page=10), page 8: “Seed addresses are fictitious addresses created by USPS and provided to USPS® CDS customers. … Seed address should be included in customer address files only when the list is rented or leased. … Seed addresses are unique to each customer and will be identified in the Address Sequence Service process. … This prevents address files from being qualified by another party without permission.”

[^60]: [Mail.dat Technical Specifications R65.0.0.0](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2026-10/USPS_Mail_dat_Tech_Spec.pdf#page=70), page 70: “All PQT records with the Saturation – ECR Rate Category of A require one or more associated Walk Sequence (WSR) records or the job will fail validation.”

[^61]: [Mail.dat Technical Specifications R65.0.0.0](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2026-10/USPS_Mail_dat_Tech_Spec.pdf#page=330), PDF page 330: “The .seg Automation Coding Date field cannot be populated with a date that is earlier than 90 calendar days before the .csm Postage Statement Mailing Date when the .cqt Rate Category field is populated with A= Saturation ECR, B= High Density ECR, or D= Carrier Route.”

[^62]: [Computerized Delivery Sequence (CDS) User Guide](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2024-01/CDS_User_Guide.pdf#page=8), page 6: “Skipping updates will result in out-of sequence ZIP Code and carrier route information, which could affect mailers’ postage discounts.”

[^63]: [Electronic Address Sequencing (EAS) User Guide](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2018-07/EAS_USER_GUIDE.pdf#page=11), page 9: “Failure to qualify within three attempts in 12 months results in a suspension of one year for any additional attempts to qualify the ZIP Code(s) that failed.”

[^64]: [Marriage Mail Incentive FAQs](https://postalpro.usps.com/mnt/glusterfs/2026-07/FAQs_Marriage%20Mail%20Incentive%20070926.pdf#page=4), page 4: “If a Mail Owner is found not to have submitted 10 or more qualifying mailings in the prior 12-month cycle, the USPS will up charge the Mail Owner for the entire Incentive amount claimed in that 12-month cycle.”

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Unofficial. Not affiliated with or endorsed by the United States Postal Service. This is https://postalref.com/guides/saturation-mail as Markdown.