postalref

NCOALink

NCOALink is a USPS dataset of about 160 million permanent change-of-address records from individuals, families and businesses. Mailers use it to update the addresses on a mailing list before they mail. USPS provides the data only to companies it licenses.

Updated October 31, 202664 sources

What it is

NCOALink is an address correction service that mailers reach through companies USPS licenses. USPS builds it from NCOA, its system of record for all change-of-address requests. The data comes in a secure form that holds no change-of-address data in clear text.

Its sole purpose is to correct mailing lists that will be used to prepare mailings.

NCOALink is one of three methods USPS preapproves for meeting the Move Update standard. It is the only pre-mailing method, so it meets the standard the first time it updates an address.

NCOALink MPE, the version of NCOALink for mail processing equipment, works on mailpieces that already exist. It reads each piece on an optical character reader or a video encoding system and prints the new address on it.

The NCOALink file

The full file holds about 160 million permanent changes of address. Each stays on the file for four years from its move effective date, and USPS updates the file weekly. Temporary changes of address are only in the 48-month product.

Before a change of address joins the file, its old address must be ZIP+4 coded. The new address must be ZIP+4 coded and validated against USPS's database of actual delivery points. When USPS can't validate the new address, NCOALink shows that a move exists but gives no new address.

About 40% of the file's moves are family moves, 54% individual moves and 6% business moves. When a customer moves more than once, NCOALink links the moves where it can, so a match gives the latest address.

Who can use it

USPS licenses NCOALink in six categories. Each licensee must complete certification before it processes a list, and must use CASS Certified address matching software.

LicenseWhat it allowsChange-of-address data
Full Service ProviderServes unrelated third parties, at least 51% of its processing48 months, weekly
Limited Service ProviderServes third parties and uses the product internally18 months, weekly
End UserProcesses only its own house files18 months, monthly
NCOALink MPEUpdates addresses on mailpieces on optical character readers18 months, weekly

Two more licenses cover software: one lets a company develop an NCOALink interface, and one lets a developer distribute it.

Limited Service Providers and End Users can add ANKLink, an option that extends the 18-month data to 48 months. Months 19 to 48 give return codes but no new address. When that data shows a move, the mailer may drop the record or hire a Full Service Provider to find the new address.

How it works

A licensee runs NCOALink through interface software, written or bought, that links its list to ZIP+4 matching software.

  1. The service provider gets a signed Processing Acknowledgement Form from the customer.
  2. Every address on the list goes through CASS certified software first.
  3. Interface software queries NCOALink with each name and address on the list.
  4. Each record gets a return code for the type of match or why none was made.
  5. A match returns the new address, the move effective date and the move type.
  6. A processing summary report gives the list's statistics from the run.
  7. The mailer uses the new addresses in a mailing within 95 days.

Matching

NCOALink matches a name and an address together, under strict logic USPS controls. A change-of-address order records one of three move types: business, individual or family.

Standard matching tries the business name first. It then tries an individual's first name, middle name, surname and title. Last, it tries the surname alone, for a family move.

Five processing modes set which move types a run can match. Standard mode, S, is recommended because it gives the best chance of a match regardless of move type. The other modes leave out a move type, such as family moves, for lists that don't need it.

USPS removed soundex from the matching logic and uses a Rules Table instead. The Rules Table matches spellings such as JOHNY and JOHNNY.

Each developer must build its own name parser, and the quality of NCOALink's answers depends on it. For an individual, the interface tries the name in a set order and moves on only when a form fails to match.

  1. The interface first tries the first, middle and last name as the list gives them.
  2. It then tries the normalized versions of the first name.
  3. It then substitutes each nickname for the first name.
  4. It then tries the normalized version of the last name.
  5. It may try the first initial with the full middle and last names.
  6. It may swap the first name and the full middle name.
  7. Last, it may try the last name alone, which is family logic.

Trying variations of the first name and the last name at the same time is prohibited.

Return codes

A return code is the code NCOALink gives each record to say what the match found. Code A, for example, is a match that furnishes a new address.

NCOALink Return Code Descriptions, User Technical Reference, A

Return code
COA Match
What it means
The input record matched to a COA record. A new address could be furnished.* Please Note: If this return code is achieved, no other matching attempts are permitted regardless of the PROCESSING mode.
New address provided
Y
Derived by data (D) or software (S)
S
Received during business matching logic
YES
Received during individual matching logic
YES
Received during family matching logic
YES
Retry matching attempts
NO

Only three return codes carry a new address, and the move effective date comes back only with a match. Some codes mark a change of address found with no new address. Others mark a potential match the rules don't allow, and for these the licensee must discard the move effective date.

In the How column, D means the code is derived by data and S means it is derived by software.

NCOALink Return Code Descriptions, User Technical Reference
CodeReturn codeNew address providedDerived by data (D) or software (S)
ACOA MatchYS
00NO MatchNS
01Found COA: Foreign MoveND
02Found COA: Moved Left No Address(MLNA)ND
03Found COA: Box Closed No Order(BCNO)ND
04Cannot match COA: Street Address with SecondaryND
05Found COA: New 11-digit DPBC is AmbiguousND
06Cannot Match COA: Conflicting Directions: Middle Name RelatedND
07Cannot Match COA: Conflicting Directions: Gender RelatedND
08Cannot Match COA: Other Conflicting InstructionsND

1 to 10 of 25 codes in the NCOALink Return Code Descriptions, User Technical Reference.

ResultWhat the mailer does
A match with a new addressUses the new address as soon as appropriate
A foreign move, with no forwarding addressKeeps the standardized address, and may get the new one through Address Change Service
A move with no new address, or a closed PO BoxVerifies the address with the addressee and corrects it
No matchKeeps the standardized address, which is Move Update compliant
A possible match that conflicts on name, gender or addressVerifies and corrects the name

Some fields NCOALink returns for analysis, such as the gender and the middle name, must not go back to the customer.

Processing Acknowledgement Form

A Processing Acknowledgement Form is the form a list owner signs to accept that NCOALink only corrects mailing lists. The list owner, the licensee and any third party between them all sign it.

The form lets USPS and mailers comply with the Privacy Act of 1974, through a written request to use change-of-address information. It identifies the mailers to whom USPS has disclosed that information through NCOALink.

Service provider licensees need the form from each customer, but End User licensees don't. A broker-agent between the list owner and the licensee must not keep the list owner's file for more than 45 days.

Every party that signs the form must give a physical address, and PO Boxes and PMBs are not accepted. A third party should never sign for the list owner. When a form expires before its renewal arrives, the licensee cannot process that customer's lists.

A separate form lets a Full Service Provider update lists for a Mail Processing Agent, a company whose main business is preparing mail. The agent uses the updated list only to mail the owner's pieces and never returns the updated addresses to the owner. It must destroy both lists within 30 days after the pieces enter the mail.

Reports to USPS

Each End User licensee produces a monthly performance report from its service log, with a record for each mailing list it processed. The report is due within seven calendar days of the end of the month. The licensee keeps the reports for USPS review for five years.

Mail Processing Equipment Service Provider Licensees

A Mail Processing Equipment Service Provider Licensee is a company USPS licenses to update the addresses on its customers' existing mailpieces with NCOALink MPE. Its data users get the full 18-month data set each week, under direct license from USPS. The same solution can run on delivery point barcode sorters, to find and remove undeliverable-as-addressed mail before it reaches USPS.

Each MPE license comes with performance requirements the licensee must meet, unless USPS changes them in writing.

LicenseWhat it allows
Data UserUsing the NCOALink Product with mail processing equipment
Software DeveloperDeveloping software interfaces for NCOALink MPE
Interface DistributionDistributing a certified NCOALink MPE software interface

A data user license comes in two pricing options, Basic and Enhanced. A Basic licensee sprays new addresses on mailpieces but may not return change-of-address files to customers electronically. An Enhanced licensee may also process lists and return updated addresses to customers electronically.

Enhanced costs $36,440.00 a year, and Standard, the Basic option, costs $17,840.00. A Standard data user can switch to Enhanced by paying the prorated Enhanced fee. Its other sites can then switch without paying again, since the primary site has paid.

The WAN method, also called the cloud method, sends the names and addresses an optical character reader lifts to a third-party licensee over the internet. A mailer that uses it needs no license of its own.

A data user must first get a licensed and certified MPE software interface, by purchase or under a developer license. USPS reviews and tests the interface at the licensee's site before any production processing.

RequirementWhat the data user must meet
Equipment and softwareMASS certified hardware and CASS Certified software
Weekly dataInstalled within seven business days of its release
LocationEquipment inside the United States or its territories
Processing Acknowledgement FormOn file for each customer before processing, and kept six years
Smallest job100 unique names and addresses
Returned piecesBack to the customer within 72 hours, unless the customer asks in writing for longer
Change-of-address dataNever copied or kept, and destroyed within 72 hours of returning the pieces
Service logSent to USPS monthly and kept five years
RepairsWithin 30 days of finding a deficiency
AuditAt least 95% correct results, and no unexpected match

The equipment must run in one of five operational modes whenever it is connected to the certified platform. In Forwardable Mailpiece mode, matched pieces get the new address sprayed on and go straight into the mail. In Notification via Returned Mailpiece mode, updated pieces go back to the mailer. There, a piece with no new address available gets the literal NEW ADDRESS INFORMATION UNKNOWN.

A software developer programs the MPE software, and needs a separate license before anyone uses, sells or distributes it. The software takes its address input from CASS Certified software, as a 9-digit ZIP+4 code and a standardized address. USPS sends a certification notice once the software meets every requirement.

The developer's software must reject a job of fewer than 100 unique names and addresses. It enforces a 45-day expiration date from the date of the NCOALink data. It includes a way to return change-of-address data to the customer in an electronic file. The developer must not export the product or its data outside the United States or its territories.

An interface distributor must first develop an MPE software interface, under a separate license, and get it certified. It distributes only USPS certified interfaces. It must be able to validate customers' authorization codes, and to recall or disable the software of customers USPS suspends or terminates. It keeps a distribution log and a monthly distribution report for each platform, each for five years. It supports its own customers and gives each a brochure that holds USPS's required text.

Rules

Furthermore, I understand that NCOALink may not be used to create or maintain new movers’ lists.

A list owner may not use NCOALink to build or keep a list of people who have moved.

The service provider licensee must acquire this form from each customer before they can perform NCOALink processing.

A service provider must have a customer's Processing Acknowledgement Form before it processes that customer's list.

The PAF must be renewed annually and the NCOALink licensee must retain a copy for six years and must make it available to USPS upon request.

The licensee must renew each form every year, keep a copy for six years, and show it to USPS when asked.

Any interface system that provides for, or allows data transfer between the interface and any other location or device, must enable the user/licensee to ensure that no COA information obtained from the NCOALink® system is intercepted, copied, rerouted, stored, retained, archived, or used for any purpose other than explicitly authorized in the license agreement.

Software that moves data must let the licensee make sure no change-of-address data is copied, kept or used beyond what the license allows.

All addresses prior to submission to the NCOALink® interface system must be processed by the users/licensee’s Coding Accuracy Support System (CASS) certified software.

Every address must go through CASS certified software before NCOALink sees it.

All foreign processing must be granted prior approval.

A licensee must have USPS approval before it processes a list for a foreign entity.

A one hundred unique record file minimum is required.

A file must hold at least 100 unique records.

Pure Family only matching is prohibited.

Software must not match on family moves alone.

What goes wrong

USPS audits each End User licensee's NCOALink process with an audit file of known forwardable and non-forwardable addresses. At least 99% of the audit records must get the correct result. The output must not contain an unexpected match, since that would misdirect mail.

Auditing happens once a year, or as USPS specifies. A licensee that fails must pass a later audit within the license year to avoid suspension or termination.

The Processing Acknowledgement Form may protect the licensee when a mailer abuses the results, for example to build a list of new movers. USPS takes punitive action when a customer, agent or licensee knowingly supplies false information on the form. A licensee that fails to capture the data on every party handling a list between it and the list owner can lose its license.

In December 2014, USPS's Licensing and Certification Department and the United States Postal Inspection Service began onsite reviews at licensees' sites.

Full and Limited Service Providers violate their agreements when they serve an entity outside the Territory, or use updated lists there. For an approved foreign request, the customer gives the licensee a Processing Acknowledgement Form and a letter of intent from the foreign entity. USPS does not process an incomplete request.

When NCOALink MPE equipment can't print the new address on flats, they go back to the mailer, are destroyed or are mailed at full rate.

Terms

National Change of AddressNCOA
a system of record for all COA requests and is used to produce the NCOALink product.
Licensee
one who has been certified and licensed by the USPS to perform NCOALink® processing
End UserEUM, End User Mailer, NCOALink End User License
a licensee that uses the NCOALink® product to update mailing lists for its own mailings
List Owner
The owner of the mail created from this list; the one party in the process that is driving the mail without whom no mailing would occur
Broker-AgentBroker or Agent
an external third party who generates business for a Licensee
Move Effective DateMED
an addressee’s move date
Standardized Input
the original address record that is appended with the correct 5-digit ZIP Code or ZIP + 4 code, other postal values and any other intelligence flags or footnotes that result from the CASS™ processing segment of the NCOALink processing job
ANKLink optionANKLink
an extended option to the 18 month version of NCOALink®
National Change-of-Address Link Mail Processing EquipmentNCOALink MPE, NCOALink MPE service, NCOALink MPE processing, NCOALink MPE solution, NCOALink Mail Processing Equipment
a pre-mailing method that uses a Multiline Optical Character Reader (MLOCR) system or a Remote Video Encoding (RVE) system to print the COA update directly on the mailpiece
Electronic Product FulfillmentEPF, Electronic Product Fulfillment (EPF) web site, Electronic Fulfillment Website
A secure web-based application managed by the National Customer Support Center in Memphis TN that is used to post and receive Address Management and Address Information System products, including ACS fulfillment files.
Move UpdateMove Update standard, Move Update address quality standard
a means of reducing the number of mailpieces in a mailing that require forwarding or return by the periodic matching of a mailer’s address records with change-of-address orders received and maintained by the Postal Service
Mail Processing AgentMPA
an entity that provides printing and mailing services at multiple retail locations.

Documents

Publications

Data Files

Applications/Forms

Contacts

A customer with a question about its results must ask its processor first. An MPE licensee with a question about its interface or its results must first ask its software distributor.

USPS supports NCOALink through the National Customer Support Center in Memphis, Tennessee. Its NCOA department takes administration and technical questions at 800-589-5766 or ncoalink@usps.gov. A licensee sends a foreign processing request by mail or by email to ncoalink@usps.gov.

Sources